The VT/f slope was the same (0.04 (0.04)) in both groups. At peak exercise there was no difference in f, but VT was higher in the controls (2.66 (0.97) v 1.90 (0.61) 1 P < 0.001). Anatomical dead space was estimated from a standard formula and anatomical dead space ventilation calculated. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2), VE/VCO2 slope, and the slope of the relation between f and VT were derived.
The ventilatory responses in 88 patients with chronic heart failure and 43 age matched controls during maximal incremental treadmill exercise were analysed. Patients have an altered respiratory pattern with an increased respiratory rate (f) at a given tidal volume (VT), which may result in increased anatomical dead space ventilation. Patients with chronic heart failure have an excessive ventilatory response to exercise, characterised by an increase in the slope of the relation between ventilation and carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2 slope).
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